In a world where eco-responsibility and energy efficiency are becoming increasingly prominent, the choice of heating system for a new apartment becomes crucial. From individual heat pumps to collective solutions, there are many options available, often tailored to the diverse needs of occupants. The 2020s is marked by a rise in green technologies, and it is essential to explore the options available to make informed choices. Through this article, we will examine which heating solutions, individual or collective, are best suited for a new apartment and how they fit into the current trend of energy transition.
Heat Pump in Apartment: A Wise Choice
Recently, I had the opportunity to assist several clients in choosing their heating system. The installation of a heat pump (HP) presents itself as a particularly advantageous option, both economically and ecologically. Indeed, in 2025, many homes are still powered by aging heating systems, often energy-intensive. Replacing an old gas boiler or electric radiators with an HP not only reduces energy consumption but also provides optimal thermal comfort.
For an apartment, two types of HP are generally considered: the air-to-air HP and the air-to-water HP. The former is ideal for replacing electric convectors, while the latter is better suited for integration into existing water heating systems. The chosen heating method will also determine the necessary work for its installation.
Requirements Related to the Installation of a Heat Pump in an Apartment
It is important to note that the installation of a heat pump in an apartment must comply with a number of technical and legal constraints. For example, if you live in a co-ownership, the installation requires the approval of the co-ownership itself. This involves submitting a request during the general assembly of co-owners, especially since the outdoor unit of an HP can affect the aesthetics of the building facade. Furthermore, the noise level of the HP must comply with current standards to avoid any nuisance to neighbors.
The steps to follow include:
- Project preparation: acoustic and vibratory study.
- Request for authorization from the co-ownership and the municipality.
- Choice of the location of indoor and outdoor units.
HP Models: Air-Air or Air-Water?
The choice of a heat pump model will mainly depend on the heating systems already in place and the needs of the housing. Here is a summary table of the differences between these two types:
| Type of HP | Usage | Advantages | Disadvantages |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air-water HP | Heating and sanitary hot water | Easy integration into the existing heating circuit | Higher installation cost |
| Air-air HP | Heating only | Simplified installation, moderate cost | No sanitary hot water |
In terms of performance, these devices offer a coefficient of performance (COP) that indicates the energy efficiency of the HP. For an HP, a COP of 3 or more is often observed, meaning it provides three units of heat for one unit of electricity consumed.
Collective Heating: The Shared Heat Pump
For co-ownerships, a collective solution can be interesting. This system involves the installation of a heat pump for several apartments. This type of installation has several advantages:
- Cost shared among co-owners.
- Simplified installation without separate energy account management.
- Durability thanks to one of the best practices of modern building.
The collective HP can provide centralized heat to all apartments via water radiators or underfloor heating. Furthermore, this solution becomes crucial within the framework of energy renovation projects aimed at replacing old collective heating systems, which are often polluting.
Installation and Technical Setup
When considering installing a collective HP, several elements need to be taken into account:
- Technical feasibility study on the capacity of the equipment.
- Evaluation of the existing hydraulic network.
- Choice of locations for outdoor units and distribution points.
The issue of noise is also crucial. It is necessary to ensure that the noise level of the outdoor units complies with the standards, which often requires implementing acoustic insulation solutions.
Financial Aids for Installing a Heating System
Installing a heat pump, whether individual or collective, represents a considerable investment. However, many aids exist to lessen the cost of this installation:
- MaPrimeRénov’: financial aid provided by the State, accessible depending on the incomes of the occupants.
- Zero-interest eco-loan: to finance your work without paying interest.
- Energy bonus: granted by energy suppliers under certain conditions.
- Local subsidies: several municipalities offer specific aids.
At the same time, it remains essential to understand that only the installation of an air-water HP is eligible for most of these aids. Air-air HP can only benefit from energy bonuses. A proper financing approach therefore increases the chances of a profitable project.
Cost Estimation for Installation
To conclude the topic of costs, a table of the necessary investments for the installation of an HP appears below:
| HP Model | Average Installation Cost (€) | Potential Aid Type |
|---|---|---|
| Air-air HP | 4,000 – 8,000 | Energy bonus |
| Air-water HP | 8,000 – 15,000 | MaPrimeRénov’, zero-interest eco-loan |
| Collective HP | 17,000 – 35,000 | MaPrimeRénov’ co-ownership |
FAQ on Heating Systems in Apartments
What are the differences between an air-air HP and an air-water HP?
The air-air HP is mainly used for heating spaces, while the air-water HP also allows for the production of sanitary hot water, making it a more versatile choice.
What are the eligibility criteria for MaPrimeRénov’?
MaPrimeRénov’ is accessible under income conditions and must be requested before the start of work to benefit from available aids.
Is it possible to install an HP in a rental?
Yes, but this requires the owner’s agreement as well as the necessary authorizations from the co-ownership.
What are the payback periods for an HP?
On average, the payback period for an HP can range from 5 to 10 years, depending on energy costs and the efficiency of the installed system.
Are financial aids cumulative?
Yes, it is often possible to combine several aids, including MaPrimeRénov’ and energy bonuses, depending on the eligibility criteria.