Renewable energy for heating and cooling in the EU reaches an incredible 26%

In a European dynamic driven by the energy transition, the use of renewable energy sources for heating and cooling is experiencing remarkable growth. Indeed, for the year 2023, the share of renewable energy in these sectors has risen to 26.2%, a record since records began in 2004. This evolution meets not only regulatory requirements but also crucial challenges of emission reduction and energy efficiency, essential in the face of climate challenges. With notable variations across EU countries, this advance demonstrates the growing commitment of member states to a more sustainable and resilient energy system.

Key figures of renewable energy for heating and cooling in the European Union

The observation is clear: since 2004, the share of renewable energy in heating and cooling has been steadily increasing. In 2004, it was only 11.7%, while in 2023, it has already surpassed 26%.

This trend reflects a true change in energy practices. Among renewable energies, biomass and heat pumps stand out, significantly contributing to the overall evolution. Biomass, often derived from organic waste or wood, fuels numerous heating installations, while heat pumps exploit ambient energy to provide heating or cooling with lower conventional energy consumption.

The following table illustrates the progress over the past two decades:

Year	Share of renewable energy (%)
2004	11.7
2012	18.3
2018	23.7
2022	25.0
2023	26.2

According to the 2023/2413 directive of the European Union, member states must increase their average annual share of renewable energy in heating and cooling by at least 0.8 percentage points during the 2021-2025 period, thereby reinforcing the overall ambition initiated in 2004 for greener consumption (EU directive source).

• Biomass: the most widespread for heating, particularly in rural areas.
• Heat pumps: exploiting ambient energy, particularly geothermal and air-to-air.
• Solar thermal energy: used for domestic hot water, but can also contribute to heating.
• Geothermal energy: a stable renewable source in the long term, mainly in specific areas.

This progress directly contributes to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and improves the energy efficiency of the European heating and cooling stock. To learn more about the recent evolution, several detailed analyses are available, including a summary on the subject published by Gaz d’Aujourd’hui and an in-depth report on Euronews Green.

Focus on the leading countries: Nordic and Baltic models in renewable energy for heating and cooling

In this European dynamic, disparities remain according to geographical zones. The Nordic and Baltic countries stand out clearly as examples of excellence in the use of renewable energies for heating and cooling.

At the forefront, Sweden boasts an impressive record with 67.1% of its heating and cooling consumption sourced from renewable sources. These performances are closely followed by Estonia at 66.7% and Latvia at 61.4%, where biomass plays a central role.

This success is based on several levers:

• A harsh climate: These countries promoted the early adoption of renewable energies, aware of the high energy costs in winter.
• Investments in biomass: Wood energy is widely valued through efficient installations that respect emission standards.
• Advanced use of heat pumps: utilizing geothermal and air-to-air energy to limit fossil energy consumption.
• Incentive public policies: subsidies, demanding regulations, and renewable quotas.

The following table details the respective shares of renewable energy for heating and cooling in selected European countries in 2023:

Country	Share of renewable energy (%)	Preferred energy type
Sweden	67.1	Biomass, Heat pumps
Estonia	66.7	Biomass, Heat pumps
Latvia	61.4	Biomass
Germany	28.5	Heat pumps
France	18.9	Biomass, solar thermal
Netherlands	10.2	Solar, Heat pumps

The contrast with some countries like Ireland, the Netherlands, or Belgium, where the share remains below 12%, highlights a need for infrastructure adaptation and an acceleration of energy renovation projects. This gap is a key factor that field professionals, like Paul Leclerc, must integrate to better advise their local clients. Financial aids in place, as well as the use of technologies adapted to each climatic context, help structure this progress (more info).

Innovative technologies for renewable energy heating and cooling

The increasing reliance on sustainable energies leads to a rise in technologies dedicated to heating and cooling. The integration of efficient solutions is crucial for improving the overall energy efficiency of buildings while reducing their carbon footprint. Here is an overview of the main technologies currently on the rise:

• Reversible heat pumps: These systems exploit ambient energy (air, water, ground) to heat in winter and cool in summer, with a high coefficient of performance (COP) ensuring optimized electricity use.
• Solar thermal heating: With solar thermal panels, it is possible to capture heat from the sun to supply hot domestic water as well as to supplement heating.
• Biomass boilers: They burn wood or its derivatives in the form of pellets or logs, providing constant and renewable heat while respecting emission standards.
• Thermal energy storage: Advances in this field allow for the retention of produced heat at a reduced energy cost and smooth out demand, avoiding consumption spikes.
• Use of geothermal energy: Exploiting the stable heat from the ground facilitates sustainable heating with a very low carbon impact.

This technological panel must, however, be adapted to each installation, which requires a precise diagnosis and field expertise. To improve performance, Paul Leclerc often recommends combining several solutions, such as a heat pump associated with solar heating, to maximize savings and reliability.

Technology	Advantages	Limits
Heat pumps	Energy savings, heating and cooling, low CO2 emissions	High initial investment, performance dependent on insulation
Solar thermal heating	Free source, low maintenance	Variable availability depending on season, necessary complement
Biomass	Renewable, stable cost, waste valuation	Need for space and storage, emissions to monitor
Thermal storage	Optimal demand management, regulation of production	Developing technology, investment
Geothermal energy	Stable and clean energy	High implementation cost

To go further on the installation of renewable systems, the site IZI by EDF Rénov offers a wealth of valuable information. In addition, the grants and subsidies available on platforms like Prime Coup de Pouce facilitate initial investment (learn more).

Challenges and benefits of the growth of renewable energies in heating and cooling in Europe

The rise of renewable energy in the heating and cooling sector involves several essential challenges. First, it directly impacts the fight against climate change by significantly reducing greenhouse gas emissions.

In this perspective, sustainable energy installations also contribute to:

• Diversifying the energy mix, thus reducing dependence on fossil fuels and costly imports.
• Improving energy efficiency through modernization of systems and optimization of uses, particularly through thermal storage and coupling of technologies.
• Stimulating the creation of local jobs in the renewable energy and energy renovation sector, with know-how tailored to regional specifics.
• Allowing energy autonomy for certain territories, fostering their resilience against energy market fluctuations.
• Enhancing the thermal performance of buildings through the development of tailored solutions related to insulation and connected heating.

A summary table presents these benefits with their respective impacts:

Challenge	Expected benefits	Concrete example
Emission reduction	Decrease in greenhouse gases	Increased use of biomass in rural areas of France
Energy diversification	Less dependence on oil imports	Widespread installation of heat pumps in Germany
Creation of local jobs	Strengthening of the regional economic fabric	Expansion of companies dedicated to energy renovation in Eastern Europe
Energy autonomy	Resilience against energy crises	Rural communities using biomass to heat their buildings
Thermal performance	Improved comfort for residents and lower bills	Thermal renovation program in collective housing in France

The path to energy transition also involves a concrete commitment from sector professionals, who must offer tailored and sustainable solutions. To better understand how to convert your heating system to renewable energy, many online resources are available, particularly at Prime Coup de Pouce Chauffage. These efforts are essential to meet the growing needs for efficient and climate-friendly heating.

Obstacles and levers to accelerate the adoption of renewable energies in heating and cooling systems

Despite this remarkable progress, several barriers persist at the level of the European Union. These obstacles concern both technical and financial or regulatory factors. Identifying these barriers is key to implementing effective strategies and accelerating the energy transition.

The main challenges are:

• High initial investment: The sometimes high cost of renewable equipment represents a significant barrier. However, public aids can relieve this burden.
• Integration complexity: Adapting an existing heating system to a new technology requires a precise diagnosis and specialized expertise.
• Lack of awareness: End users often do not know the benefits of renewable energies and the financing possibilities.
• Regional disparities: Some territories face specific constraints (climate, infrastructure, local resources) that slow down implementations.
• Standards and regulations: While necessary, they require constant monitoring and rapid adaptation by professionals in the field.

To counter these obstacles, several levers are actively deployed:

• Dedicated financing programs: subsidies, tax credits, and local aids, such as those developed by Prime Coup de Pouce.
• Training of professionals: continuous education for better mastery of new technologies.
• Targeted information campaigns: to raise public awareness of potential savings and environmental impact.
• Technical innovation: the development of modular solutions adapted to various habitat contexts.
• Personalized support: tailored professional expertise for each installation.

Obstacles	Proposed Levers
High cost of installations	Financial aids and subsidies
Technical complexity	Training and support for professionals
Lack of knowledge about renewable energies	Aware campaigns
Geographical disparities	Adaptation of technologies
Evolving regulations	Regulatory monitoring and expert advice

These actions aim to create a favorable environment for the sustainable adoption of renewable energies in heating and cooling systems. As a field professional, Paul Leclerc emphasizes the importance of transparency and availability to meet the specific needs of each client. For any project, installing a renewable heating system must be accompanied by a genuine technical and financial dialogue to ensure a durable and effective solution.